Izindlu Zemvelo in Iningizimu Afrika

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Indawo

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Ikhodi Yokuposa:

Ukuthengiselana

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Khetha uhlobo lokuthenga

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Iyathengiswa

Ngokuqashwa

Imibhede

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Khetha inombolo yamakamelo okulala

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Izindlu zokugeza

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Usayizi waphansi

Usayizi weLoti

Kuthunyelwe

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Khetha isikhathi

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1 isonto elilodwa

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Inyanga e-1

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Amasimu ahlanzekile

Isikhangiso:

Dlulisa amehlo Izindlu Zemvelo in Iningizimu Afrika noma hlulela okwakho. Khangisa, uthengise impahla yakho, iklelise

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INingizimu Afrika, ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika (i-RSA), iyizwe eliseningizimu kakhulu e-Afrika. Ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-59, kuyisizwe esinabantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele sama-23 futhi sihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,221,037 (amakhilomitha-skwele angama-471,445). INingizimu Afrika inamadolobha amakhulu amathathu: isigungu esiphezulu sePitoli, ezobulungiswa eBloemfontein kanye nezomthetho eKapa. Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yiGoli. Cishe ama-80% abantu baseNingizimu Afrika angokhokho abamnyama base-Afrika, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene akhuluma izilimi ezahlukene zase-Afrika. Isibalo sabantu esisele sinemiphakathi emikhulu yase-Afrika yozalo lwaseYurophu (abamhlophe baseNingizimu Afrika), abase-Asia (amaNdiya aseNingizimu Afrika), kanye nokhokho beMultiracial (Coloured South Africa). Iboshwe ngaseningizimu ngamakhilomitha angama-2,798 (1,739 mi) ogwini lwaseNingizimu ye-Afrika olugudla iSouth Atlantic kanye nolwandle lwaseNdiya; enyakatho ngamazwe angomakhelwane iNamibia, iBotswana kanye neZimbabwe; nasempumalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yiMozambique kanye ne-Eswatini (eyayiyiSwaziland); futhi lizungeze izwe elibiyelwe laseLesotho. Izwe eliseningizimu ekumhlaba omkhulu wezwe Elidala, futhi izwe elinabantu abaningi kakhulu eliseningizimu ye-equator. INingizimu Afrika iyindawo eshisayo enhlobonhlobo, enokuhlukahluka kwama-biomes ahlukile kanye nempilo yezitshalo nezilwane. INingizimu Afrika ingumphakathi wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene ohlanganisa amasiko, izilimi nezinkolo ezahlukahlukene. Ukwakheka kwayo ngobuningi kubonakala ekuqashelweni komthethosisekelo kwezilimi eziyi-11 ezisemthethweni, okuyinombolo yesine ephezulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngokobalo lwabantu lwango-2011, izilimi ezimbili zokuqala ezikhulunywa kakhulu isiZulu (22.7%) nesiXhosa (16.0%). Laba ababili abalandelayo badabuka eYurophu: isiBhunu (13.5%) esakhiwe sisuka eDutch futhi sisebenza njengolimi lokuqala kubantu abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika abangamaKhaladi nabamhlophe; IsiNgisi (9.6%) sikhombisa ifa lobukoloniyali baseBrithani, futhi sisetshenziswa kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi neyentengiso. Izwe lingelinye lamazwe ambalwa e-Afrika angakaze abe nokuvukela umbuso, kanti ukhetho lwenziwa kaningi cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika alizange lifakwe kwizikhundla kuze kube ngo-1994. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, iningi labantu abamnyama lalifuna ukufuna amalungelo amaningi kubadlanzana abamhlophe ababedlondlobala, ababamba iqhaza elikhulu emlandweni nakwezombusazwe zakamuva zakuleli. I-National Party yabeka ubandlululo ngo-1948, yafaka ukubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga kwangaphambilini. Ngemuva komzabalazo omude futhi kwesinye isikhathi onodlame owenziwa yi-African National Congress (ANC) nezinye izishoshovu ezilwa nobandlululo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe, ukuqedwa kwemithetho ebandlululayo kwaqala phakathi nawo-1980. Kusukela ngonyaka we-1994, wonke amaqembu ezinhlanga nezilimi abambe ukumelwa kwezepolitiki kwinkululeko yenkululeko yezwe, eyakhiwa yiriphabhulikhi yasephalamende kanye nezifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye. INingizimu Afrika ijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi "yisizwe sothingo lwenkosazana" ukuchaza ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko akuleli, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobandlululo. INingizimu Afrika iyizwe elisathuthuka. Ihlukaniswe yiBhange Lomhlaba njengezwe elisanda kuthuthukiswa, elinomnotho wesibili ngobukhulu e-Afrika, kanye nelama-33 ngobukhulu emhlabeni. INingizimu Afrika nayo inezindawo ezingamagugu emhlabeni ze-UNESCO e-Afrika. Izwe lingamandla aphakathi ezindabeni zamazwe omhlaba; igcina ithonya lesifunda elibalulekile futhi iyilungu lakho kokubili iCommonwealth of Nations ne-G20. Kodwa-ke, ubugebengu, ubuphofu kanye nokungalingani kusalokhu kusabalele, cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu engasebenzi futhi iphila ngemali engaphansi kuka-US $ 1.25 ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinkinga ebalulekile eNingizimu Afrika: kungumthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu njengomsakazi we-14 ngobukhulu we-greenhouse gases kusukela ngo-2018 (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemboni yawo yamalahle), futhi usengozini yemithelela yayo eminingi , ngenxa yendawo yayo engavikeleki emanzini kanye nemiphakathi esengozini.

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Isakhiwo esiluhlaza (esaziwa njengokwakhiwa okuluhlaza okotshani noma isakhiwo esimeme) sisho isakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo ezibhekene nemvelo futhi ezisebenza kahle kuyo yonke imijikelezo yempilo yesakhiwo: ukusuka ekulinganiseni kuya ekwakhiweni, ekwakheni, ekusebenzeni, kulungiselelweni nasekuvuseleleni kabusha, kanye nokudilizwa. [1] Ngamanye amagama, ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza okotshani kufaka phakathi ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokwakhiwa kwasekhaya nendawo esimeme. Lokhu kudinga ukubambisana okusondele kwethimba lokuklama, abaklami, onjiniyela, namakhasimende kuzo zonke izigaba zephrojekthi. [2] Umkhuba weGreen wokwakha unweba futhi ufezekisa ukukhathazeka ngokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo somnotho, ukusetshenziswa, ukuqina nokuqina. [3] Ubuholi Ekwenziweni Kwezamandla Nezemvelo (i-LEED) iqoqo lezinhlelo zokulinganisa ekwakheni, ekwakheni, ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza okwaqalwa Ngumkhandlu Wokwakha Okusobala wase-US. Olunye uhlelo lwezitifiketi oluqinisekisa ukuqina kwezakhiwo yiBritish BREEAM (Indlela Yokwakhiwa Kocwaningo Lokwakhiwa Kwemvelo Yokwakha) yezakhiwo nentuthuko enkulu. Njengamanje, iWorld Green Building Council yenza ucwaningo ngemiphumela yezakhiwo eziluhlaza empilweni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwabasebenzisi bayo futhi isebenzisana neBhange Lomhlaba ukukhuthaza Izakhiwo Ezihlaza Emakethe Ezisafufusa ngokusebenzisa i-Edge Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies Market Transfform Program kanye nesitifiketi.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/